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1.Title:  William Franklin Diary (1785)
 Dates:  1785 - 1785 
 Extent:  1 volume  
 Locations:  Azores | Le Havre | Paris | Rouen | Southampton | Saint-Germain-en-Laye 
 Abstract:  The William Franklin diary documents the first nine months of 1785, during which William lived in France (1/1-9/18). Notably, this volume records William's last correspondence and an encounter with his father, Benjamin Franklin, in Southampton, England. The volume also offers glimpses into William's life in France, with notes pertaining to meetings, correspondence, and dinner plans, including at least one with Thomas Jefferson (7/4). This volume will certainly interest Franklin scholars, though it may also hold appeal to researchers investigating American loyalists abroad and late-eighteenth-century France and England. 
    
While this volume is valuable for its accounts of William's time in France—including a French newspaper clipping (6/5)—its insights into William's strained familial relations are central to its appeal. William records at least three entries pertaining to his father, Benjamin Franklin: William writes that he "rec'd a letter from my father" (3/17), passes him on a Southampton street later that summer (7/24), and writes that he "Finish[ed] the Purchase of my Father's Estate in N. York & Jersey" (7/26). Researchers might also consider pairing this volume with the Bache diary, which records the Southampton encounters from the perspective of Benjamin Franklin's grandson, Benjamin Franklin Bache. Shortly after conducting that business, William set sail for Azores (7/28). He mentions a "Violent Hurricane" in a late entry (8/23).
 
    
The William Franklin diary documents the first nine months of 1785, during which William lived in France (1/1-9/18). Notably, this volume records William's last correspondence and an encounter with his father, Benjamin Franklin, in Southampton, England. The volume also offers glimpses into William's life in France, with notes pertaining to meetings, correspondence, and dinner plans, including at least one with Thomas Jefferson (7/4). This volume will certainly interest Franklin scholars, though it may also hold appeal to researchers investigating American loyalists abroad and late-eighteenth-century France and England.
 
While this volume is valuable for its accounts of William's time in France—including a French newspaper clipping (6/5)—its insights into William's strained familial relations are central to its appeal. William records at least three entries pertaining to his father, Benjamin Franklin: William writes that he "rec'd a letter from my father" (3/17), passes him on a Southampton street later that summer (7/24), and writes that he "Finish[ed] the Purchase of my Father's Estate in N. York & Jersey" (7/26). Researchers might also consider pairing this volume with the Bache diary, which records the Southampton encounters from the perspective of Benjamin Franklin's grandson, Benjamin Franklin Bache. Shortly after conducting that business, William set sail for Azores (7/28). He mentions a "Violent Hurricane" in a late entry (8/23).
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  Selected Quotations
  • "rec'd a letter from my father" (3/17/1785)

  • "dined at Mr. Jeffersons" (7/4/1785)

  • "Finish the Purchase of my Father's Estate in N. York & Jersey" (7/26/1785)
 
 Subjects:  American loyalists. | Diaries. | Europe. | France--Social life and customs--18th century. | Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790. | Great Britain--Social life and customs--18th century. | Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826. | Loyalist | Travel. | United States--Civilization--1783-1865. 
 Collection:  William Franklin Papers  (Mss.B.F861)  
  Go to the collection
 
2.Title:  James Hutchinson Diary (1777)
 Dates:  1777 - 1777 
 Extent:  1 volume  
 Locations:  Chesapeake Bay | London | Philadelphia 
 Abstract:  This incomplete volume describes the culmination of a transatlantic journey taken by James Hutchinson in the winter of 1777 (2/26-3/16). Having completed his medical residency under the supervision under Dr. John Fothergill at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, Hutchinson describes in detail his journey back to Philadelphia, where he would serve as Surgeon General of Pennsylvania. In addition to offering an account of what Hutchison terms a "very disagreeable" transatlantic voyage, this volume includes an essay defending Quakers from attacks by revolutionaries, which might have been intended for publication. (The essay is signed "A Friend to the Liberty of Conscience.") This volume may interest researchers exploring the eighteenth century Atlantic, seafaring, and the Society of Friends in the American Revolution. 
    
As described in greater detail in the Early American History note, Hutchinson discusses a host of troubles aboard his ship. Those include concerns about lightning strikes to the ship laden with gun powder (2/26), various issues with bread and meat rations (2/28), and a brief encounter with a French brig that Hutchinson describes as "in almost as bad a situation as ourselves, but able to spare several bottles of spirits and roughly two pounds of cheese" (3/3). Upon reaching landfall in Chesapeake Bay (3/9), Hutchinson devotes the remaining entries his journey back to Philadelphia. At the back of the volume, he encloses an essay defending Quakers against chargers of loyalism, for which a rough transcription is provided below.
 
    
This incomplete volume describes the culmination of a transatlantic journey taken by James Hutchinson in the winter of 1777 (2/26-3/16). Having completed his medical residency under the supervision under Dr. John Fothergill at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, Hutchinson describes in detail his journey back to Philadelphia, where he would serve as Surgeon General of Pennsylvania. In addition to offering an account of what Hutchison terms a "very disagreeable" transatlantic voyage, this volume includes an essay defending Quakers from attacks by revolutionaries, which might have been intended for publication. (The essay is signed "A Friend to the Liberty of Conscience.") This volume may interest researchers exploring the eighteenth century Atlantic, seafaring, and the Society of Friends in the American Revolution.
 
As described in greater detail in the Early American History note, Hutchinson discusses a host of troubles aboard his ship. Those include concerns about lightning strikes to the ship laden with gun powder (2/26), various issues with bread and meat rations (2/28), and a brief encounter with a French brig that Hutchinson describes as "in almost as bad a situation as ourselves, but able to spare several bottles of spirits and roughly two pounds of cheese" (3/3). Upon reaching landfall in Chesapeake Bay (3/9), Hutchinson devotes the remaining entries his journey back to Philadelphia. At the back of the volume, he encloses an essay defending Quakers against chargers of loyalism, for which a rough transcription is provided below.
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  Selected Quotations
  • The back of the journal includes an essay defending the attacks on Quakers by revolutionaries. The essay, signed "A Friend to the Liberty of Conscience," appears to have been intended for publication, although it is not clear if it ever was published: "It is not my business to enquire whether the Quakers at large are either Whigs or Tories, agreeable to the present acceptation of those [term] my private Opinion is that they are not perfectly agreed on the Subject, and belong to neither Class. Leaving this, however for the Subject of another per: I shall venture to affirm with the leave of "common sense" & with the leave of every well meaning violent Patriot, that there never was a more consistent blameless publication made by any religious Body of people, than the address that has been [the] of so much [oblique] it is [put] out as monster, and believed to be such, by those who have not seen it, the man who reads it with attention, and candor will hold it in more esteem. The reader is not to be informed that the Epistle referred to is a religion, and not a Political party that it was published by a sect of Christians who are in conscience opposed to the use of Arms, either for the purpose of offence or Defence. A Sect of Christians who believe that Christ's Kingdom is not of this world and that the Arms of Flesh needs not to be employed in the support of Justice & Truth. It was published too at a time when General How was carrying Fire & Sword through a neighboring State. When by the violence of his Persecution, & Fury of his Arms he terrified many weak minds into submissions, and had prevailed on numbers, and amongst them some Quakers, contrary to their religious profession to withdraw their confidence in Heaven and seek Protection from the feeble Arm of Flesh when they were shrinking under the apprehension of persecution & making their peace with Man, by meanly submitting to human Tests and Oaths or Affirmations, & [sic] Apprehension of either suffering in person or in property had taken what were called Protections, / it must be remembered however that the number of Quakers who did this were compared with those of other Societies / Keeping in our Minds this general Idea of the People, and this short history of the Times let us read the Epistle… The Arbitrary injunctions of ordinances of men, who would compell others to carry on War, & would impose tests not warranted by the Precepts of Christ"—If this is referred only to the Congress it is perfect Toryism, if referred only to the [Commissioners] Lord & Gen. How it is pure Whiggism, but certainly meant equally to both, or either as they may come within the Description the Admonition [wile] neither that of the Whig nor Tory not of a "real Jesuit" but of a sober religious Quaker.—But we shale be Told that part of this sentience is direct treason against the State.—Friends are advised no "to submit to the Arbitrary Injunctions of Men" who would impose "Tests not warranted by the Precepts of Christ or the laws of that happy constitution under which we and other long enjoyed tranquility and Peace"—Nothing can be more clear says the Violent Brawling Whig, than that Quakers are friends to Tyranny and wish for success to the British Arms, yet a man may as soon discover Hebrew, or Arabic in this admonition, as any such Political Sentiment.—It is true they commend such a Civil constitution, under which they have enjoyed an exemption from such Tests are "not warranted by the precepts of Christ."—[this?] was a time when these States connected with Britain enjoyed the Protection of Laws and [those] Laws secured the Liberty of conscience, and an exemption from arbitrary Tests.—These Laws have been trampled on and that constitution has been grossly Violated by the British Parliament in attempting to Tax America without her consent. So say the Quakers and so says every Whig, also the Friends joined others in opposing any impingement on their Liberties, so long as that opposition was carried on consistent with their religious profession.—What then follows from all this? Nothing as far as I can see, only that the Quakers wish to enjoy once more a constitution, which may restore them to the full possession of Religious liberty. Whether they are to enjoy such liberty under the government of a British King or the Government of an American Congress is of no consequence to them, their principles equally forbid them to use Arms either to support an Old Empire or to set up a new one. They pray for Peace but they do not fight for it.—On the whole as the Epistle referred to appeared in a very [perilous time] many people were taught by their fears, and apprehensions to construe it into an active opposition to the independence of America. But the man who considers that the most arbitrary Spies of Despotism, was at that very time practised by the British chiefs, in the Jersies, and that they only, contrary to the Laws, [which] they pretended to support, had been imposing unwarrantable Tests and compelling the People (Quakers as well as others) to submit, and take protections or Hazard both Life and Property.—The man who views the Subject in this light, will be cautious how he [censures] this Epistle, unless he would defend British Tyranny & Usurpation. A friend to Liberty of Conscience"
 
 Subjects:  American loyalists. | Diaries. | Europe. | Fothergill, John, 1712-1780 | Loyalist | Religion. | Science. | Seafaring life. | Society of Friends. | Travel. | United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783. 
 Collection:  James Hutchinson diary, February 26, 1777 - March 16, 1777  (Mss.B.H97d.1)  
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3.Title:  Thomas Sullivan Journal (1775-1778)
 Dates:  1775 - 1778 
 Extent:  1 volume  
 Locations:  Boston | Brunswick | Burlington | Cambridge | Cork | Darby | Dublin | Elizabeth | Fort Lee | Germantown | Halifax | Hillsborough Township | Kingston | Lake Champlain | New Brunswick | New York | Newark | Newport | Peekskill | Pennington | Philadelphia | Princeton | Quebec City | Rockport | Saratoga Springs | Tarrytown | Trenton | West Goshen | White Plains | Whitemarsh Township 
 Abstract:  In a fragile, single-volume journal (split in two), a non-commissioned British soldier named Thomas Sullivan records his experience fighting in the American Revolution (1775-1778). Sullivan offers a first-hand account of the earlier years of the war, including the evacuation of Boston, New Jersey campaign, and occupation of Philadelphia. He studiously documents significant early battles, including Bunker Hill (p.12) and Brandywine (229), as well as reports of events he did not personally witness. Notably, before Sullivan deserts the British Army and joins the Continental Army—serving under Nathanael Greene—he describes in a lengthy entry his shifting loyalties and common cause with the colonists as an Irish citizen (404-6). Interspersed between accounts of battles, Sullivan offers descriptions of indigenous peoples in Nova Scotia (52), American loyalists in New York (71), and a peculiar lightning strike en route to Philadelphia (229-230). Sullivan maintains his journal in an ornate script, suggested that he may have intended it for publication, and stops writing abruptly after he joins the Continental Army (422). This fascinating volume ought to particularly interest scholars researching turncoats and loyalists during the American Revolution. 
    
The "Contents" section of journal highlights key events in Sullivan's service and travels. Extracts from the journal were printed in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography in 1910. The complete journal, edited by Joseph Lee Boyle, was published by Heritage Books in 1997.
 
    
In a fragile, single-volume journal (split in two), a non-commissioned British soldier named Thomas Sullivan records his experience fighting in the American Revolution (1775-1778). Sullivan offers a first-hand account of the earlier years of the war, including the evacuation of Boston, New Jersey campaign, and occupation of Philadelphia. He studiously documents significant early battles, including Bunker Hill (p.12) and Brandywine (229), as well as reports of events he did not personally witness. Notably, before Sullivan deserts the British Army and joins the Continental Army—serving under Nathanael Greene—he describes in a lengthy entry his shifting loyalties and common cause with the colonists as an Irish citizen (404-6). Interspersed between accounts of battles, Sullivan offers descriptions of indigenous peoples in Nova Scotia (52), American loyalists in New York (71), and a peculiar lightning strike en route to Philadelphia (229-230). Sullivan maintains his journal in an ornate script, suggested that he may have intended it for publication, and stops writing abruptly after he joins the Continental Army (422). This fascinating volume ought to particularly interest scholars researching turncoats and loyalists during the American Revolution.
 
The "Contents" section of journal highlights key events in Sullivan's service and travels. Extracts from the journal were printed in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography in 1910. The complete journal, edited by Joseph Lee Boyle, was published by Heritage Books in 1997.
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  Selected Quotations
  • "A very remarkable event happened that Night, which was thus: A Woman's shirt being burnt upon her body, lying in a Birth on board a Transport, and she a Sleep, by a Flash of Lightening, without the least damage to her skin or Flesh. Also a Man's Coat and Shirt was burnt likewise on his Back, without his knowing of it till next morning" (229-230)

  • "HAVING now come to that part of my Journal, in which I am determined to keep a more compact and closer account of my persona and private affairs, as it was at this period I gained that freedom which every heart should wish for, i.e. being their own Masters, or at least so much at their own Disposal, as to be no further confined that what Society, convenience and good breeding may require, I shall for the future, (god permitting) give my reader an exact account of my travels, from the time that I gained that Liberty to the present, likewise the manner of my obtaining it, which will be the subject of a few pages following. My seeing American under Arms, when first I arrived in it, and upon my examining the reason, finding they striving to throw off the Yoke, under my native Country sunk-for many years, induced me upon a serious Consideration to share the same freedom that America strove for. I communicated my thoughts to my Comrades, as also to many of the men that entered into the service, at the same time with me, whom I knew to be no less sensible of the oppression of many a family in the mother Country, than I was…A Breadth of freedom still glowed in my breast, altho many events presented themselves to quench and discourage it: But like a lingering disease, it broke out at last, being partly roused to it by the ill usage I received (undeservedly,) when I was in the 49th Battalion, and partly on account of my being married to a young women that was born in America, whom I knew wished me to be clear of the Army" (404-6)

  • Ends abruptly on 7/28/1778: "Upon my departure from Philadelphia, I left my wife there, with directions to follow me, as soon as I wrote for her, she having engaged as House-Keeper in the same family with me. It was with the greatest impatience I waited her coming from Philadelphia, after my writing two letters for her, and to my great satisfaction she reached the Plains this day. Any man that tasted the sweets of Matrimony, and the blessing of a contented life, may conceive the joy and pleasure I felt, in meeting the woman from whom I received the strongest tyes of love and obedience, that could be expected from any of the sex, without exception" (422)
 
 Subjects:  American loyalists. | Diaries. | Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786. | Indigenous people. | Irish--United States. | Loyalist | United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783. | Weather. 
 Collection:  Journal of the operations of the American War  (Mss.973.3.Su5)  
  Go to the collection